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This handbook offers detailed descriptions of EU competition law, including mergers and public authorities. Above all, it analyzes and discusses recent decisions of the ECJ and the General Court. Presenting systematically structured and theoretically founded content, the book also includes recommendations for practitioners. Special attention is paid to the scope of penalties and the influence on fundamental rights. Rounding out the book, the conflict between safeguarding confidential information and the effectiveness of private and public enforcement is discussed intensively in the context of the new Directive 2014/104/EU.

Law—Europe. --- European Law. --- Law --- Europe.

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Familien, Erb- und Sachenrecht befinden sich zunehmend in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen nationalem Recht und Unionsrecht. Eine Lösung, die möglichst schonend mit historischen und kulturellen Traditionen der EU-Mitgliedstaaten umgeht, ist die differenzierte Integration. Darüber diskutieren die Autoren in diesem Band.

European law --- International private law --- Europe --- Civil law --- Allemagne --- France --- Portugal --- Italie

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Since the 1960s, the nature and the future of the European Union have been defined in legal terms. Yet, we are still in need of an explanation as to how this entanglement between law and EU polity-building emerged and how it was maintained over time. While most of the literature offers a disembodied account of European legal integration, Brokering Europe reveals the multifaceted roles Euro-lawyers have played in EU polity, notably beyond the litigation arena. In particular, the book points at select transnational groups of multipositioned legal entrepreneurs which have been in a situation to elevate the role of law in all sorts of EU venues. In doing so, it draws from a new set of intellectual resources (field theory) and empirical strategies only very recently mobilized for the study of the EU. Grounded on an extensive historical investigation, Brokering Europe provides a revised narrative of the 'constitutionalization of Europe'.

Public law. Constitutional law --- European law --- Law --- Law - European Union countries

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Die Grenzen innerhalb der Europäischen Union sind durchlässig geworden - für Verbraucher aber gilt dies nur bedingt: Denn trotz vielfältiger Ansätze, das Verbraucherrecht in Europa zu harmonisieren, werden grenzüberschreitende Geschäfte von Verbrauchern selten getätigt. Die Europäische Kommission führtdas auf ein fehlendes Vertrauen der Verbraucher zurück und hat im Herbst 2008 den Entwurf einer Richtlinie vorgelegt, die einen in allen EU-Länderngleich hohen Schutzstandard von Verbraucherrechten garantieren soll - eine Harmonisierung von Verbraucherrechten. Dieser Vorschlag steht in deutlichemGegensatz zu dem bisher bei verbraucherprivatrechtlichen Richtlinien verfolgten Konzept der Mindestharmonisierung. Die wegweisenden Ergebnisseder im Juni 2010 veranstalteten internationalen Fachtagung zu diesem Thema präsentiert der Band "Vollharmonisierung im Europäischen Verbraucherrecht?".

European law --- Economic law --- Consumer protection --- Consumerism --- Protection, Consumer --- Commercial policy --- Law and legislation

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As a result of society’s increasing digitisation, the police have ever more opportunities to collect, investigate and combine huge amounts of personal data using advanced technology. Examples are provided from recent cases where police have gained access to millions of encrypted messages from various servers, including Ennetcom, EncroChat and Sky Global. However, the current legal framework is, as yet, ill-equipped to deal with this new reality. Partly for this reason, legislators are facing new questions about how the (further) processing of data in detection should be regulated by law. Commissioned by the WODC, this study examines the legal safeguards in criminal justice data collection in relation to the legal safeguards governing the processing of these data. The Code of Criminal Procedure mainly focuses on the collection of data and to a much lesser extent on its further use, but this may involve a (fresh) invasion of citizens’ privacy. The Police Data Act contains some provisions to data processing, but the relationship with the Dutch Code of Criminal Procedure is not entirely clear. This study identifies the requirements and safeguards under European law for the processing of data for criminal justice purposes. Further inspiration is drawn from experience with the Intelligence and Security Services Act 2017 in which powers of collection and (further) processing are regulated in a single law. Finally, it explores how, in several countries (Germany, Belgium and Norway), the requirements arising from European law have been translated into legal regulations and how these regulations are designed. This study provides tools that legislators can use to reconsider the methods of standardisation and legal regulation design to better protect citizens' privacy. The recommendations thus focus on strengthening the legal framework on data processing and its supervision by creating an explicit legal framework in the Code of Criminal Procedure and establishing an independent supervisor focused on the processing of personal data by investigative authorities.

Law of European states; European Law; Data protection; Privacy; Criminal investigations; Criminal procedure